High

All newborns should be given 1 mg of vitamin K intramuscularly after birth. Early administration of vitamin K prevents early bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency (hemorrhagic disease of the newborn) and prevents subsequent bleeding. Vitamin K should be applied immediately after the first postnatal hour during which skin-to-skin contact and the onset of breastfeeding should have occurred.

Breastfeeding provides both short- and long-term benefits to the child and the mother.

For the child, breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and reduces incidence of disease and death. Breastfeeding, particularly exclusive breastfeeding, protects children from diarrhea and pneumonia, the two leading causes of death among children under age five. Other infections, including otitis media, Haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and urinary tract infections, are less common and less severe in infants who are breastfed.

The Ten Steps involve changes in maternity services. Every facility providing maternity services
should have a breastfeeding policy and carry out structural changes and train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement this policy. They are aimed to protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding in facilities that provide maternity services.

Nurturing Care refers to a stable environment created by parents and other caregivers that ensures, with policy, service and community support children's good health and nutrition, protects them from threats, and gives young children opportunities for early learning, through interactions that are emotionally supportive and responsive.
At birth, the nervous system of newborns, even after a full-term gestation, is not fully developed. The human brain continues to grow and develop postnatally at a rapid rate and becomes increasingly complex as growth progresses.

Pre-term infants should be vaccinated at birth and subsequently follow the national hepatitis B vaccination schedule.
For preterm infants weighing under 2,000 g, the initial vaccine dose (birth dose) should not be counted as part of the vaccine series because of the potentially reduced immunogenicity of the hepatitis B vaccine in these infants; three additional doses of vaccine (for a total of four doses) should be administered beginning when the infant reaches one month of age.

The best way to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B is through the hepatitis B vaccination of their infants, with the first dose administered during the first 24 hours of life.

The best way to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B is through the hepatitis B vaccination of their infants, with the first dose administered during the first 24 hours of life.

To date, active COVID-19 (virus that can cause infection) has not been detected in the breastmilk of any mother with confirmed/suspected COVID-19. It appears unlikely, therefore, that COVID-19 would be transmitted through breastfeeding or by giving breastmilk that has been expressed by a mother who is confirmed/suspected to have COVID-19

Mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 are advised to wear a medical mask, but even if this is not possible, breastfeeding should be continued.
It is important to replace medical masks as soon as they become damp and dispose of them immediately. Masks should not be reused or touched in the front but to remove it from behind.
It is important to follow other infection prevention measures, such as washing hands, cleaning surfaces, and covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing or coughing.

In all socio-economic settings, breastfeeding improves survival and provides lifelong health and development advantages to newborns and infants. Breastfeeding also improves the health of mothers. Transmission of active COVID-19 (virus that can cause infection) through breast milk and breastfeeding has not been detected to date. Therefore, there is no reason to avoid or discontinue breastfeeding.