Screening tests evaluate different health conditions before newborns are discharged from the care center. These tests, or screenings, allow the diagnosis of neurometabolic or structural diseases, such as congenital heart defects or hip dislocation.
In early stages, these pathologies are inapparent (absence of evident clinical signs and symptoms), so that through screening tests, they can be detected early and timely treatment implemented to prevent irreversible mental and/or physical disabilities in the newborn and, thus, contribute substantially to reducing the burden of mortality and morbidity with implications in the life course of newborns.
The key, in all cases, is to be able to diagnose them in time to treat them and improve the quality of life of the children.
If the result of the study reveals that the baby has any of these congenital diseases, the family will be informed and oriented to follow the necessary treatment and care.
Many countries have specific programs and legislation in this regard, which determine the number and type of diseases evaluated. PAHO is preparing a guideline that provides evidence about the tests and their effectiveness.
It is recommended that at-risk or premature newborns be referred to a specialist or for consultation if any abnormality is detected in the screening before discharge. For congenital heart disease, it is recommended that referral to a specialist be made as soon as possible according to severity.
