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Early learning is defined as any opportunity for an infant, toddler, or older child to interact with a person, place or object around them. Such (positive or negative) interactions, or lack thereof, contribute to brain development and lay the foundation for later learning.
Infants and children should engage in early learning activities with their fathers, mothers and other caregivers between 0 and 3 years after birth.
Activities that support early learning in the neonatal period include making eye contact, smiling, talking, singing, and gently massaging the infant.

Banked human milk is the alternative for feeding premature newborns because it allows them to receive a diet consisting of exclusive human milk when the baby’s own mother's milk is unavailable, scarce or contraindicated.

It should be noted that BHM is superior to artificial formula.

Human milk banks should have standards and procedures in place to ensure that they provide sustainability, safety, and appropriate clinical and ethical use.

Since 2011, November 17 has been recognized as the World Prematurity Day in order to give visibility to this problem, raise awareness of the needs and rights of premature babies and their families, sensitize decision makers, health teams and the whole society about the importance of experience and quality care, to advance policies that guarantee the full rights of both babies and families.

Kangaroo mother care is an intervention that enables the mother to assume a central role in her own and her newborn's care, thus ensuring that the lead role remains with the mother and that health workers support and respond to the mother’s and newborn’s needs.

The involvement of fathers/partners and families is important to support mothers in providing Kangaroo Care while in the facility and at home after discharge.

Father and family involvement is especially important when the mother is medically unstable or recovering from surgery.

In the neonatal intensive care unit, parents are not visitors. Families are the true protagonists in the care of their babies

After birth and during the first postnatal year, infants should be put in a supine position (on their backs) in a crib or bassinet to reduce sudden infant death syndrome.

The soles of the feet should be at the end of the crib and the body covered by a blanket or sheet up to the armpits, with the arms on the outside.

In addition, it is suggested that no pillow be placed under the head, as well as no other object next to the baby.

For safe sleep, it is also recommended that no one smoke in the room where children sleep.

Early skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding are two closely linked interventions that should be carried out immediately after birth.
Immediate and prolonged skin-to-skin contact facilitates lactation, enriches the microbiome of newborns, prevents hypothermia and hypoglycemia, and stabilizes respiratory function.
Early suckling at the breast stimulates the activation of milk secretion and transfers colostrum, rich in immunoactive substances, especially important for those born prematurely.

Early skin-to-skin contact and early breastfeeding are two closely linked interventions that should be carried out immediately after birth.
Immediate and prolonged skin-to-skin contact facilitates lactation, enriches the microbiome of newborns, prevents hypothermia and hypoglycemia, and stabilizes respiratory function.
Early suckling at the breast stimulates lactogenesis II (activation of milk secretion) and transfers colostrum, rich in immunoactive substances, especially important for those born prematurely.

The hospitalization of premature, small and/or sick newborns poses multiple challenges to breastfeeding, including:

In neonatal hospitalization areas, the unrestricted admission of mothers and fathers facilitates close contact with their newborns, the development of bonding and the provision of care for which they will be primarily responsible after discharge.