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The first days after birth, jaundice (yellow color of the skin and mucous membranes) is treated light therapy, also known as phototherapy. Wearing only a diaper, the baby is placed under a device that delivers blue light. This light is the specific therapy because it changes the chemical structure of bilirubin, rendering it easier to eliminate.
If a newborn requires phototherapy because of high blood bilirubin levels, it should be administered in a timely manner to prevent any injury to the central nervous system.

The yellowish color of the skin in newborns is called "jaundice". It may occur on the first days of life due to the accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment present in red blood cells.

The liver is the organ that sends bilirubin from the bloodstream to the gut, which in turn expels it from the body through the stools. The first days of life, the liver functions slowly; bilirubin is not cleared fast enough; it builds up in the blood, and enters all organs, including skin and brain. If bilirubin reaches very high levels in the brain, it can damage the neurons.

A healthy, full-term newborn should not be bathed until at least 24 hours after birth.
A bath can be a stressful procedure for a newborn. Early bathing can trigger hypothermia, potentially leading to hypoglycemia, hypoxia and pulmonary hemorrhage.
There is no evidence to support the need for a first bath soon after birth.
Neonatal hypothermia is a common condition affecting from 32% to 85% of newborns at the hospital.

Universal neonatal screening for eye anomalies is recommended. This should be accompanied by diagnostic and treatment services for infants in whom an abnormality is detected.
An estimated 1.14 million children aged 0-15 years are blind or have severe visual impairment due to eye conditions. The main causes of blindness are congenital and developmental cataracts, corneal scarring, congenital ocular anomalies, retinal dystrophies, glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity.

Nurturing care starts before birth, when mothers and other caregivers can start talking and singing to the foetus.
After birth, the baby can recognize the mother’s voice. Early bonding is facilitated by skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding and the presence of a companion to support the baby mother. These also build the foundations for optimal nutrition, quality interactions and care.

The theme of Breastfeeding Week 2023 is “Let's make breastfeeding and work work”.

Keeping our hands clean is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. Many diseases and illnesses are spread by not washing hands with clean running water and soap.

Surgical hand antisepsis
I Rub the hands with water and antiseptic detergent solution, including all surfaces, spaces
between the fingers, and nails; also wash the forearms.
II Rinse with running water.
III Wipe with sterile compress.
Note: this procedure should take 3 to 5 minutes for the first surgery and 2 to 3 minutes for subsequent surgeries.

Simple handwashing (plain soap) or antiseptic handwashing (soap containing antiseptic)
I. Rub the hands with water and liquid soap or antiseptic detergent solution for approximately 15 seconds, including all the surfaces, spaces between the fingers, and nails. Also wash the forearms.
II. Rinse with running water.
III. Wipe with paper towel.

The hands constitute the main form of transmission of microorganisms during patient care. The skin is a possible reservoir for various microorganisms that can be transferred from one surface to another. The skin of the hands hosts two principal microorganism populations: those belonging to the resident microbiota and those belonging to transient microbiota. Transient microbiotas colonize the most superficial layer of the skin, which allows their mechanical removal by handwashing with water and soap, although they are eliminated more easily when an antiseptic solution is used.